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Improve the state-owned operators of a number of incentive measures

Abstract state enterprises to help achieve sustained competitive advantage of state-owned enterprises the key human resources. Inefficient state-owned operators incentives has become state-owned development constraints. This paper analyzes the incentives of state-owned enterprise managers the problems, and from the angle of the revitalization of state-owned enterprises and further strengthen the incentives of state-owned enterprise managers effective countermeasures. Key words incentives; state enterprises; measures is a state-owned operators through the cost of education and work Uplifting and trained manpower with a special operating endowment resources, production and management in the enterprise he is leading and dominant position, is to determine the configuration of production and utilization efficiency in the form of key factors, the most scarce of strategic state-owned enterprises to become the core of human resources. Operators to acquire and develop the special human resources, state-owned enterprises must establish and protect the interests of operators of class independence, full respect for the particularity of state-owned operators and value of labor's high-end, and establish and improve an effective owned Enterprises mechanism. A state-owned enterprise managers incentive inefficient because of Throughout the reform process of state-owned enterprises in recent years, it is a encourage operators to increase the business efficiency of the process, despite various efforts, the lack of a state-owned enterprises still inspire enthusiasm and creativity of the operator of effective power mechanism, the phenomenon of widespread lack of motivation, reasons are as follows: One reason: the modern enterprise owners and managers is a contract between principal and agent relationship, and both agents act on the existence of serious information asymmetry sex, which resulted in the operator approach to the use of deception to satisfy the client the possibility of individual utility, the way to solve this problem, the operator is to have control over the remaining claim and enjoy the combine. Most state-owned enterprises through restructuring of the capital after the closure remains strong, the state is still the sole shareholder of state-owned enterprises or the largest shareholder, which means that there is still a strong government intervention in business right, the state enterprises still bear the majority of business risks, which makes the ownership of state-owned enterprises and obscure, still not able to solve the separation of ownership and management state-owned enterprises caused by the survival and development, can not be truly self-market competitors, all this is an effective incentive mechanism for the formation of a fundamental obstacle. Reasons: the state-owned operators in improving business performance, to ensure that state-owned assets plays a central role in guiding, only to establish and protect the interests of operators of class independence, according to the operation particularity of human capital of labor and contribution to its consistent rewards to encourage state-owned operators greatly. However, many operators have not really aware of the social use of human capital as the value and the independent existence of property rights, state-owned enterprises but also for a long time too much emphasis on the role of the neglect of spiritual stimulation, dilute or even rejection of material incentives, the government so that an operator on obtain the state-owned enterprises over the interests of the income of the operators to implement was too small, business owners and their obligations the proceeds there is a serious asymmetry. Three reasons: the characteristics of public ownership of state-owned companies state-owned operators determine the behavior of higher motivation and social responsibility, quality characteristics determine the state-owned enterprise groups to compare the value of their potential career success, ambition and other non-material factors to achieve effective mental stimulation can make the operators to maximize the mobilization of the enthusiasm, especially in the current financial state-owned limited by lack of background conditions, the spirit of the incentive mechanism to have the material incentives of the positive significance can not be replaced. However, the current state enterprises confined to honor the spirit of incentive motivation and incentives both positions, and there are still many areas not intended neighbor. For example, the state-owned operator did not as a separate class generally accepted by society, lack of respect for society's good business atmosphere. Comparison of state-owned enterprise focused on the promotion of collective image of the shape, this Higher authorities often state-owned operators to the party and government organs as a selection of some of his leadership positions as an incentive, this model will inevitably result in wastage, resulting in individual made to meet the higher level and ignore the rules of market economy in the short term behavior. Four reasons: Although the use of some areas to open recruitment of talent market operators, most operators are still state-owned enterprises are organized by the superior competent department of direct appointment. The appointment of state-owned operators of the real government is not business owners, lack of property rights has always been dynamic and effective restraint mechanism incentives are often not based on viability, but with the personal preferences, according to the political qualifications of candidates to hiring managers. This severely restricted the selection and appointment system formation and development of an entrepreneurial class, but also easily lead to some operators prefer the pursuit of short-term economic benefits during the service and the sensational publicity for personal promotion. Five reasons: the incentive of state-owned enterprises is basically only when the incentives in the post, not based on his performance in the post to give the time after separation incentives. As the after-service business operators lack of social protection and institutional rewards, individual operators will be made in the post when the transfer of state assets as the despicable acts of personal property in order to seek after-life protection. Six reasons: performance appraisal is to protect and promote the orderly operation of the internal incentive mechanisms necessary for a management behavior,thomas sabo charms, performance appraisal job performance as determined by the operator to provide material incentives referential basis. However, due to the absence of ownership of state-owned enterprises made the appraisal on the operators have been unable to implement, the existing performance appraisal system, there are serious constraints to be effective incentive mechanism disadvantages: too much similar to that of morality, ability, diligence, qualitative assessment of such performance standards, ignoring the quantitative nature of the standards, can not avoid the subjectivity of assessment to determine the interference of the organizers; too much emphasis on short-term operating results reflect the assessment indicators, ignoring the indicators reflect the effects of long-term business conditions, can not be avoided business managers to pursue short-term behavior; too much emphasis on standardized assessment standardization, not according to different economic sectors, industry characteristics and business scale of assessment at different levels; excessive use of force for internal assessment, the system is not perfect, ineffective supervision cases, the operators in power to have the possibility of manipulation of the examination. Seven reasons: supervision and restraint mechanisms, both for self-improvement business are powerful measures, but also a small number of business may be an improper exercise of power by a constraint, while the state-owned companies the incentive and restrictive mechanism there is a serious asymmetry. On the one hand, weakening of the state of implementation of the constraints of state ownership of the assets of the ways to motivate operators. On the other hand, the operator of state-owned enterprises should play the role of secondary constraints due to their own corporate governance structure, leading to the imperfect nature of the supervision function has not emerged, the traditional staff congress, democratic management and grass-roots party organizations, etc. primary constraint mechanism is difficult due to lack of operation to play the desired results, state-owned operators in the business affairs, has a nearly unfettered power. Government and relevant departments of state intervention in business, fewer and fewer, if the right to dispose of corporate resources without constraint to the full to the operator, he may be violations of the use of information asymmetry to obtain equity interests is maximized. Second, improve the state-owned operators Motivation Mechanism 1. Construction of the market competition mechanism, to achieve environmental incentive of state-owned operators to form an effective indirect excitation, must create a fully competitive market environment. It is necessary to achieve product market competition, the success or failure can directly reflect the financial rate of return, capital market timely disclosure of information management capacity of State-owned Enterprises and the effort to blunt the implementation of state-owned operators to evaluate the long-term technology, supervision and motivation , but also managed to maximize the state-owned enterprises to quantify the state capital for the operators Zequan Li, the state-owned enterprises to truly become entitled to civil rights and assume the corresponding civil liability for economic entities. State-owned enterprises but also to rid itself of the shackles of the industrial structure, social burdens and the fetters of the constraints of policy-related losses, the state-owned enterprises and other ownership enterprises under the same conditions of competition in the market competition. 2. Construction of salary management mechanism to achieve pay incentives single structure of the compensation plan as easily lead to speculative behavior of managers, state-owned enterprises should be based on characteristics of state-owned operator's labor income and the gradual implementation of the basic benefits, including two components of income diversification salary compensation system. Basic income is the state-owned operators in the daily operation and management of labor compensation reflected on, according to the size of net assets, the industry wage levels, the case manager, and several other aspects of their comprehensive evaluation, designed to provide operators with the most basic living, as long as the operator to perform the basic obligations under the contract, you can get fixed on time. Benefit income is based on the operating results of state-owned operator of the establishment and adoption of the income received by the distribution of profits. This part of the revenue for the state-owned enterprises need to break a new round of SOE reform in the average tendency to break the boundaries of managerial compensation and the human capital property rights are reasonable remuneration. Income benefits can be divided into long-term effectiveness of current income and income benefits. Current income is the annual benefit assessment for the unit's operating results and the operators pay a floating mode of payment, it according to factors of production and distribution according to work closely together, so that the operators of human capital, as an entrepreneur made the enterprise contribution and in return acquired the status of the other, those who favor the stimulation of business professionalism and sense of responsibility; long-term effectiveness of income is state enterprises through shareholding, in the form of shares and options held by three after the shares of the company income from property rights reform is to stimulate innovation and an attempt to combine, in fact, make the remaining ownership and control to maximize correspond. Since the stock value and the operators are closely related to their own interests, the operator will maximize the benefits from the perspective of their own to improve the economic efficiency of state-owned enterprises, thus building up long-lasting internal excitation source. Long-term effectiveness of income through the setting residual claims to solve difficult for operators to observe and monitor labor issues, so that an operator of asymmetric information as self-serving motives and moral decay caused by the risk. 3. Construction of the spirit of incentives to achieve spiritual encouragement effective mental motivation is to maximize operators mobilize the enthusiasm and consistently maintained one of the important means of state enterprises incentive to implement the spirit of those who have the following form: the operator should be recognized throughout the operation and management activities in the central position, respect and protect the operator of independent operation and management rights, create the conditions for the operators to their business philosophy and values to the enterprise implementation the daily operation of the process, and significant achievements, outstanding contributions to the operators and the people recognized to be important positions in a timely manner to achieve business incentives; on the outstanding state-owned operators to be reused in politics, giving them more opportunities for political participation to provide them with a broader space for development, in order to achieve political incentives; entrepreneurship entrepreneurs business management in the long process of gradually established values and spirit, it permeated the movement patterns of potential operators Among the spirit of philosophy, once it is recognized by the operator will produce a hard and fast rules can not match the external cohesion, driving forces and binding, to enhance the cultivation and promotion of entrepreneurship, making it the core of the operators spiritual support, lasting source of power mechanisms and self-motivated, can achieve the mental stimulation; of high moral standing and successful business operators awarded the honorary title, and vigorously promote their deeds and contributions to increasing social awareness of those state-owned enterprise, entrepreneurs in the whole society a culture of respect for the purpose, in order to achieve honor of incentives. 4. Construction of post appointment system, to achieve incentive working to make state-owned operators the opportunity to become an effective post employment incentives, should be gradually restricted until the abandoned government owned Enterprises by direct appointment, greater use of non-official mechanisms such as an open tender selection, performance appraisal selection, employee congress election, the Board recommended, etc.. Priority is to establish fair competition in the human capital market and the operators of the free flow of class, which is the operator from the administrative appointments to the market change the mode selection key security factor. Professional managers because the market must be accompanied by performance enhancement files and credit system, the operator will follow the value of human capital depends on the operating results of the operators in the past, this mechanism of survival of the fittest talent competition in the market can make from the operators for their own many competitors are proud, but also so that the operators had a 5. Construction of the operators insurance mechanism, to achieve security incentives to make state-owned operators have a of adverse selection, we must build from the state-owned operators protection mechanism. First, the state-owned enterprises will have the incentive constraint mechanism extends term of office. Operators can be implemented high pension scheme, the target responsibility system for the full completion of the operators of indicators may be lifetime investors to buy corporate commercial pension insurance and medical insurance. Can create a perfect after-service system of performance rewards and penalties and life-long recovery, operating loss for the cause, in addition to their early removal of foreign social security benefits should be cut. In order to make the operator's right and responsibility tends to symmetry, the operator will then consider, after curbing short-term game management behavior. Second, set up by the operating results of the operators decide whether to stay in the system should change the state-owned operators, Good senior managers extend their retirement age, even without the retirement age, so that state enterprises is no age limit to become an independent class, so that the operator will put the pursuit of state-owned enterprise to a successful career as a lifelong pursuit of their own. 6. Built the main performance evaluation mechanism to achieve the performance evaluation assessment and incentive incentive to achieve corporate objectives of the management practices necessary for a state-owned enterprises should be established as the core asset management responsibility to encourage the operators as a means of proactive scientific evaluation system. First, the building features a fair evaluation criteria. Socio-economic system as an important part of large state-owned enterprises, to carry out multiple social responsibility, the performance of state-owned operators need to design a comprehensive set of assessment, standardization, and operational system of economic indicators to reflect the operators of the state, contribution to society and business to achieve the full reflection of the operator's management ability and business performance objectives. Because the function of different types of state-owned enterprises objectives vary, the operator assessment of performance indicators should be emphasized, for the competitive business operators assessing business innovation capability and the major business benefits, public welfare business operators for the main assessment policy awareness, management skills and business assets Maintenance and Appreciation. As the performance of each state-owned operators are subject to operating conditions of the former, current capital levels and the burden of policy conditionality, which requires the development of assessment indicators to increase the value of key indicators to ensure that operators of the fairness of the performance index and reasonable. Second, the realization of the normative evaluation process. Performance evaluation of state-owned enterprises in the process, we need more modern tools such as the use of computer technology platform erected to reduce the man-made interference. The performance of state-owned operator of evaluation results, it is necessary to outline the horizontal analysis results by the evaluators in the same industry, same size, with the economy in the specific location of types of enterprises, but also the longitudinal analysis to show the dynamic development of various indicators and future trends, and then set on the basis of quantitative analysis group of outstanding experts in the collective wisdom and experience to give the operator a qualitative reviews appropriately. In order to effectively prevent the operators of false results and other improper acts, the government must rely on state-owned assets management department of audit and accounting intermediary agency to build the strength of oversight mechanisms evaluation, performance appraisal of managers to conduct regular assessment and monitoring, thereby to ensure the objectivity of performance evaluation, scientific and normative. 7. To establish supervision and restraint mechanisms to achieve a sound perverse incentives supervision and restraint system of state-owned operators, not only state-owned operators of the effectiveness of system innovation should be the key to the ability to obtain, and also the through the establishment of punitive measures to reverse the mechanism of human resources incentives flowing water. First, the use of legal rules and regulations to establish the state-owned enterprises in the form of duties and powers of the operator to confirm the power of discipline inspection and supervision department authority to determine the scope of the financial audit function, from a legal and institutional point of view the behavior of state-owned operators to be bound to facilitate their in accordance with the internal operation of the socialist market economy need to operate according to law. Secondly, we must give full play to employees of state enterprises Staff supervision of Congress is to make people step into the legal system means the organizational mechanism for the production of any overall management activities and the vital interests of employees involved in sensitive issues to be discussed by the staff of Congress. Finally, establish a corporate governance structure of science, business management practices of state-owned enterprises to implement process management. Corporate governance structure is a board of supervisors and operators of checks and balances of power between the board of directors of major companies based on market decisions on the autonomy vote, the board of supervisors to implement the daily work of enterprises regular supervision, within the scope of authorization the operator has high degree of control over the enterprise, their clear responsibilities between the relations between the owner and the interests of other stakeholders in the effective supervision of the operator constraints.