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Deaths caused by the loss of control sows

Of: Bernard Peet, Pig Production Training Company and thePigSite expert consultants - in the past 15 years, which, in most countries, including Canada, the United States, Denmark and the United Kingdom, sow death losses almost doubled. Recent PigChamp (North America, a popular farm management software - Annotation) data show that middle-aged Canadian sow herd average mortality rate was 7.2%, the worst 10% average mortality rate of 10.8% in pigs. Similar to the U.S. herd, but a higher death rate. John Mabry Iowa State University study of 42 pigs, found that sows death in 1992 to 2001 from 3.7% to 7.3% - although slightly to 6.5% in 2002 (Figure 1). Today, the sow herd in the United States, 10% or even higher mortality rate has been uncommon. Such a high sow mortality is not only the animal welfare issue, but also result in loss of farms is an important factor in the economy. Moreover, the factors that lead to increased mortality rate of elimination will also lead to increased sow, resulting in a waste of sows, so that further cause a decline in productivity, higher costs. Sow mortality in 2004, Canada,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], U.S. average of up to 10% 3.4 7.2 7.9 3.7 10.8 12.0 Source lowest 10%: PigChamp reference database I think this trend with the four main factors: lean, fast, efficient growth and breeding cause the direction of breeding sows and gilts thinner backfat. Intensification of production systems continue to improve, sow feeding environment has become more demanding, easy to sow damage, lack of appropriate facilities to the sick, injured and underprivileged in nursing sows. Pig professional quality grassroots reduced. Due to more stringent legislation, and on the provisions of animals unfit for transport, making farms more sows were euthanized. The more thin the easier problem now sow sow backfat extremely thin, so vulnerable, especially susceptible to shoulder injury. Recently the Danish National Research Council show pig, sow backfat thickness if less than 15mm, then it scapular little on the fat tissue, can not provide protection, suffering the shoulder injury and a high risk of ulcers. The report notes that those who appear in pig backfat 15mm is acceptable, they do not think it too thin sows. In Denmark this study, measured 5 500 pigs backfat sows. The results showed that 25% of sow backfat thickness less than 15mm (see Figure 2). However, the study also showed that the thicker backfat backfat sows during lactation the rate of decrease is also greater. In other words, sow thicker backfat, lower lactation feed intake and thus lose more backfat. Typically, 25mm backfat sows giving birth to the weaning period to lose back fat 5mm, and 15mm thick backfat loss of sows only 2mm, this difference is due to differences in feed intake between the two caused. So, how to overcome the production of which this problem? First of all, should such a large number of young sow body weight, higher age (and thus more fat a few) and then breeding, so that will not only increase litter size, but also effectively extend the productive life of sows. Denmark suggested gilts should be up to 240 days with the early, 150kg weight. Weight of sows to cope with a large youth's ability to feed and the environment much better. For gilts have a widely used strategy, that is, before mating a low-lysine diet fed to the sow backfat deposition. However, recent studies have shown that this strategy Britain will reduce the first-born litter size, it will affect production. Another management point is to be strengthened during pregnancy and lactation feeding. Lactation feed intake to maintain a particularly high level is necessary, can reduce the loss of backfat. Lactation feed intake level of the factors of prenatal feeding, barn temperature, diet nutrient density and palatability, feed intake, water supply and feeding frequency. Pregnancy through to ensure that sows fed into the delivery room to grow enough before the backfat, which requires to be measured for backfat. For many farms,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it can be different according to body condition accurately determine the volume of feed per sow, so you can improve the situation. But in the long perspective, or in commercial farms should be considered regularly sow backfat thickness were measured. Harsh environments increase the incidence of injury is no doubt that the leakage of the floor, no litter in pig mortality rate will be higher. As far as I can see,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], even among many of the new pig, cement, concrete floor slab and the quality is very poor. Among some old pig, the situation is simply terrible. This resulted in high levels of injury, infection, abscesses, and joint problems, leading to sow early out or death. High-quality materials and construction can avoid many problems. I have seen problems include broken planks, cement rough, leakage of unreasonable and equipment design, leakage of such uneven and sharp edges,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], if these are summed up, you can write a book. In the new pig barn construction and maintenance of existing process must pay attention to these issues, in order to sow the damage level to a minimum. Should always pay attention to sow death and injury problems. Few farms set the appropriate specialized field of nursing. The nursing field is mandatory in Europe, set, or when designed and built site, or using an existing field transformation. Care field is preferred on the ground plate, above the bedding material, because most will go to where the pigs leg problems, shoulder injury or other physical damage. Care field can not only help patients heal pigs, is also equipped with special facilities, to enable staff to focus on the care of individual patients pigs. Quality control aspects of the business elements of the core of sow mortality rate of staff have the ability to identify the illness, injury or low social status of the sows, and appropriate treatment promptly. In North America and other regions of the pig farming industry among the growing pig, but raising the professional quality is getting worse. I am very worried about this situation because I too many times to see the breeders to detect illness or injury can not sow, nor how effectively addressed. Coupled with staff turnover is high, few suitable candidates, as well as inadequate training, the problem is even more serious. In fact, many of them in many livestock producers in the industry should devote more resources to staff training to ensure that employees have some knowledge of animal behavior. Increasingly stringent requirements of transport in many European countries are ill or injured animal transport legislation more stringent, more stringent law enforcement, which is also significantly sows caused increased mortality in these countries. In North America, this factor is not very important, but also resulted in increased sow mortality. There is no doubt that this legislation will be more stringent, more pig sows had to be euthanized. Sow mortality increased to bring the Canadian swine industry millions of dollars in losses. If all the points mentioned in this article draw attention to it, sow mortality rate can be controlled at the level of 5% or even lower. Figure 1: Source: Mabry, Iowa State University Figure 2: Source: National Pig Committee - Denmark, the annual report of 2004: Bernard Peet, BSc - This article previously published in the western pig magazine, summer 2005
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