Cow nutrition metabolism and cause reproductive fa -

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Nutrition metabolism and reproduction of cows caused by several trace element deficiency disorders

Summary : Some trace element composition of organic compounds in animals (such as enzymes, hormones, vitamins, etc.) components or certain chemical reactions caused by the body, involved in various metabolism process. Thus, the lack or excess of trace element metabolism can lead to disorder, caused by a series of pathological changes in the body. To this end, the following several micronutrient deficiencies caused by cow nutrition metabolism and reproductive disorders prevention.
Keywords :
cow trace element deficiency
1
cobalt deficiency

Cobalt deficiency is a biogeochemical disease. Mainly by lack of cobalt in feed additives caused. Occurs mainly in cattle, it is the clinical manifestations of nutritional disorders and anemia, a chronic disease. Cobalt in animals mainly in the liver, adrenal and bone tissue and other organs, caused by a lack of hematopoietic dysfunction, showed anemia, growth and development of relaxation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], weight loss, weakness, resulting in nutritional infertility or miscarriage pregnant cow. Cobalt to the rumen synthesis of vitamin B12 deficiency decreased, affecting the normal physiological function of rumen indigestion due to abortion increased stress response. Treatment: can be applied 5 to 30 mg of cobalt chloride solution fed into, but also of vitamin B12 (100 ~ 200 mg) intramuscular injection.
2 copper deficiency

Copper is the material necessary for the diet. It is little content in animals, mainly into the copper and protein binding protein present in blood,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], liver, heart, lung, stomach, spleen and other organs. Copper deficiency and a lack of cause anemia, nerve function and movement disorders and a series of pathological changes. Copper deficiency is mainly caused by lack of copper in soil with low copper content due to plant feed. Generally believed that the feed copper content less than 3 per mg / kg or disease. Second, there is antagonism of copper and molybdenum, excessive molybdenum in feed, can interfere with copper absorption and utilization. Copper is a component of many enzymes, copper deficiency can cause cows to occur with low red blood cell pigment of the giant type of anemia, bone joint deformity, movement disorders, reduced reproduction, infertility or miscarriage and stillbirth pregnant cows, and even cause movement disorders long-term diarrhea. Cows appear to copper deficiency causes skeletal deformities and osteoporosis joint deformities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], severe fractures and limb prone to hoof disease. Reduce breeding: cattle breeding performance of a decline in adverse,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], stillbirth or abortion. Copper deficiency in cattle feeding areas occurred intermittent diarrhea. Control: The main action to cover copper. Application of copper sulfate, the treatment capacity: 200 ~ 300 mg of cows,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], calves 100 to 150 mg. Prevention Capacity: 100 cows into a water-soluble oral 200 mg. In copper deficiency areas, from pregnancy 2 to 3 months until 1 month after delivery of 1% copper sulfate solution during the application of 30 to 50 ml, 10 to 15 days every one is better fed. Forage content of less than 3 mg / kg for the deficiency, 3 to 5 mg / kg dangerous levels, 5 to 7 mg / kg for the safety factor.
3
iodine deficiency

Iodine is a trace element with higher biological activity, severe iodine deficiency area in the incidence of goiter of cattle is 50 ~ 80% due to iodine deficiency the incidence of induced abortion was 60%. Iodine is an integral part of thyroid hormones, the lack of estrous cycle disorders can cause dams, resulting in protracted period, abortion, the fetus appears to be absorbed or stillbirth, newborn calf edema, myxedema of the adult cattle calves can cause infantilism, short stature, male livestock of poor semen quality and low acidity positive milk appear. Treatment: 1 kg of salt supplies iodine potassium iodide containing 250 mg or 1 mg of 10% potassium iodide in water mixed with feed or mixed with 2 to 4 grams of potassium iodide within the cast in the concentrate to prevent alcohol-positive milk with low acidity, and promote lactation increased, but also enhance the immune function of the breast.
4 manganese deficiency

Manganese is an essential trace element in the cow diet, manganese in the bone, kidney, liver, pancreas, the highest concentrations. Bone of the total manganese in the body about 1 / 4. Manganese metabolism in the body in a variety of activities. It is the formation of bone matrix of mucopolysaccharide components of the major components of chondroitin sulfate, but also a variety of enzymes in the body composition and catalyst on lipid metabolism have a facilitating role. The lack of manganese is generally believed that Mn deficiency in the soil and do not feed as forage in some areas contains up to 540 ~ 1340 mg / kg, as the main reason for cows Mn deficiency is due to malabsorption of manganese cows. Excessive dietary calcium can affect the body's absorption of manganese. Symptoms of manganese deficiency can cause growth retardation cow, skeletal deformities, movement disorders, reproductive dysfunction, slow development of calves and a series of pathological changes. The main obstacle in the breeding performance: cows - not easy in the womb containing a plant embryo, or the occurrence of early embryonic death - Hidden abortion. Skeletal deformities, especially in young cattle bone development is slow, deformation. General performance of the first hind femur, tibia dysplasia in particular, caused by joint deformities, dynamic transport barriers. Mn deficiency in the area also reported higher calf paralysis occurred, the mortality rate as high as 16% to 26%, and even the main symptoms of spastic contraction of the muscle tremors, joint paralysis. Treatment: Oral manganese preparation of manganese sulfate and potassium permanganate used in the clinic, on the cow Mn deficiency has good control effect. More than 0.05% with 0.1% potassium permanganate, 300 ~ 1000 ml orally. Forage Mn less than 80 mg / kg, can not maintain normal fertility of cattle, the content is below 50 mg / kg is not associated with estrus or infertility, pregnancy, abortion cows.
5 selenium deficiency

Geochemistry of selenium in an ultra-trace elements, it is very important physiological role of a nutritional trace elements. Most of the soil content of selenium in the range of 0.1 to 2 mg / kg, between and to elemental selenium, the form of selenium compounds, including soluble selenite most significant biological effects. Selenium in the normal state mainly in the kidney, liver, muscle (cardiac delivery in skeletal muscle) was the highest, lower blood fat lower. Selenium is a component of many enzymes, the Lord is the glutathione peroxidase. Blocked the enzyme activity of selenium, the role of loss of peroxide decomposition of the body. Selenium in the body with a strong antioxidant, the lipid membrane of cells has a protective effect, prevents the cells and subcellular (mitochondria, lysosomes) from damage effect. If selenium deficiency or lack of, experiments show that: Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased, leading to decomposition of the body can not be timely peroxide accumulation on cellular and subcellular cause degeneration, and even necrosis, resulting in a series of selenium lack of clinical and pathological changes in performance. Such as: motor dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction. Digestive disorders, reproductive disorders, mainly Placenta Retention cattle, infertility, persistent diarrhea and abortion. Normal blood selenium levels of 33 to 61 ng / ml. Prevention: the universal application of the current 0.1% to 0.2% in muscle or subcutaneous injection of aqueous solution of sodium selenite or sodium selenite injection of vitamin E mixture. Or made into pills, 9 grams of iron powder, 1 gram of elemental selenium into the rumen from the long-term suppression of the application of methods such as replacement feed.
6
zinc deficiency

Cow zinc deficiency mainly growth arrest. Treatment: general vote for zinc sulfate, 2 g bovine oral once a week or once a week injection of 1 g or 0.02% increase in feed zinc carbonate. Zinc content in feed more than 30 to 100 mg / kg and above to meet the needs of cattle. Standard dose of 180 grams per ton of feed, plus zinc carbonate or zinc sulfate can be. Per kg per day if the conditions 2 to 4 mg of intramuscular injection, a course of 10 days better.

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